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#20 SF | 6-5, 220lbs | Crushers | Experience: 3 years | ||||||||
Born: 6/30/1927 (26) | College: North Carolina Tech | Washington, DC |
Attributes | ||||||||||||||||||
INS | JPS | FT | 3PS | HND | PAS | ORB | DRB | PSD | PRD | STL | BLK | QKN | STR | JMP | STA | |||
Current: | B | B- | B+ | A | C- | D+ | C | C- | C | C+ | C+ | D | B+ | B- | C | A | ||
Potential: | B | B | A | A | D | C | B | D | B | C | C | C | ||||||
Health: | Good | |||||||||||||||||
Status: | Active Roster |
Contract | ||||||||||||||||||
1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | |||||||||||
Value: | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||||||||||
Option: | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | ||||||||||
Bird Years: 0 |
Season Averages | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | G | GS | MIN | PTS | ORB | DRB | AST | TO | A/T | STL | BLK | PF | FG% | FT% | 3P% | |
1953 | FBL | CLE | 72 | 72 | 40.8 | 13.3 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.69 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 1.9 | .276 | .757 | .000 | |
1952 | FBL | BAL | 56 | 56 | 40.6 | 12.4 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 0.78 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 | .297 | .724 | .000 | |
1951 | FBL | BAL | 40 | 4 | 25.0 | 6.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.59 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | .300 | .717 | .000 | |
1950 | FBL | BAL | 46 | 0 | 10.6 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.04 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.4 | .280 | .744 | .000 | |
Career | 214 | 132 | 31.3 | 9.6 | 2.4 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.72 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 | .286 | .740 | .000 |
Shooting Averages | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | FGM | FGA | FG% | FTM | FTA | FT% | INM | INA | IN% | JSM | JSA | JS% | 3PM | 3PA | 3P% | |
1953 | FBL | CLE | 5.3 | 19.2 | .276 | 2.7 | 3.6 | .757 | 3.2 | 6.5 | .495 | 2.1 | 12.7 | .163 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | |
1952 | FBL | BAL | 5.1 | 17.2 | .297 | 2.1 | 2.9 | .724 | 3.6 | 6.6 | .541 | 1.6 | 10.7 | .147 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | |
1951 | FBL | BAL | 2.5 | 8.3 | .300 | 1.7 | 2.3 | .717 | 1.7 | 3.0 | .562 | 0.8 | 5.3 | .151 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | |
1950 | FBL | BAL | 1.1 | 4.0 | .280 | 0.7 | 0.9 | .744 | 0.9 | 1.8 | .494 | 0.2 | 2.2 | .101 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | |
Career | 3.8 | 13.4 | .286 | 1.9 | 2.6 | .740 | 2.5 | 4.9 | .519 | 1.3 | 8.5 | .153 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 |
Season Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Season | G | GS | MIN | FGM | FGA | FTM | FTA | 3PM | 3PA | PTS | OREB | REB | AST | STL | TO | STL | BLK | PF | +/- | |
1953 | 72 | 72 | 2937 | 381 | 1381 | 196 | 259 | 0 | 0 | 958 | 222 | 681 | 164 | 135 | 239 | 135 | 29 | 137 | -221 | |
1952 | 56 | 56 | 2275 | 287 | 965 | 118 | 163 | 0 | 0 | 692 | 187 | 501 | 123 | 70 | 158 | 70 | 21 | 101 | -110 | |
1951 | 40 | 4 | 1001 | 100 | 333 | 66 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 266 | 76 | 187 | 42 | 41 | 71 | 41 | 8 | 39 | -224 | |
1950 | 46 | 0 | 486 | 51 | 182 | 32 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 134 | 37 | 89 | 26 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 2 | 18 | -119 | |
Career | 214 | 132 | 6699 | 819 | 2861 | 412 | 557 | 0 | 0 | 2050 | 522 | 1458 | 355 | 267 | 493 | 267 | 60 | 295 | -674 |
Efficiency | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | TS% | PPS | AST | TO | USG | ORR | DRR | RR | PER | VA | EWA | +/- | OEFF | DEFF | ||
1953 | FBL | CLE | .320 | 0.69 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 23.5 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 8.6 | 12.4 | 84.9 | 2.8 | -3.1 | 74.0 | 77.0 | ||
1952 | FBL | BAL | .334 | 0.72 | 9.3 | 12.0 | 21.3 | 6.1 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 11.7 | 40.0 | 1.3 | -2.0 | 72.5 | 74.3 | ||
1951 | FBL | BAL | .357 | 0.80 | 8.6 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 11.2 | 10.1 | 0.3 | -5.6 | 67.2 | 78.0 | ||
1950 | FBL | BAL | .333 | 0.74 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 19.4 | 5.4 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 11.5 | 7.3 | 0.2 | -2.6 | 66.8 | 79.6 | ||
Career | .330 | 0.72 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 21.6 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 8.1 | 11.9 | 142.3 | 4.7 | -3.1 | 71.9 | 76.4 |
Playoff Averages | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | G | GS | MIN | PTS | ORB | DRB | AST | TO | A/T | STL | BLK | PF | FG% | FT% | 3P% | |
Career | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | .000 | .000 |
Playoff Shooting | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | FGM | FGA | FG% | FTM | FTA | FT% | INM | INA | IN% | JSM | JSA | JS% | 3PM | 3PA | 3P% | |
Career | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .000 |
Playoff Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Season | G | GS | MIN | FGM | FGA | FTM | FTA | 3PM | 3PA | PTS | OREB | REB | AST | STL | TO | STL | BLK | PF | +/- | |
Career | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Playoff Efficiency | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | LGE | TEAM | TS% | PPS | AST | TO | USG | ORR | DRR | RR | PER | VA | EWA | +/- | OEFF | DEFF | ||
Career | .000 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - |
College Averages | ||||||||||||||||||
Season | TEAM | G | GS | MIN | PTS | ORB | DRB | AST | TO | A/T | STL | BLK | PF | FG% | FT% | 3P% | ||
1949 | - | 35 | 0 | 33.0 | 16.5 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.46 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | .488 | .806 | .440 | ||
Total | 35 | 0 | 33.0 | 16.5 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.46 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | .488 | .806 | .440 |
College Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Season | G | GS | MIN | FGM | FGA | FTM | FTA | 3PM | 3PA | PTS | OREB | REB | AST | STL | TO | STL | BLK | PF | +/- | |
1949 | 35 | 0 | 1155 | 231 | 473 | 25 | 31 | 92 | 209 | 579 | 78 | 204 | 102 | 33 | 70 | 33 | 18 | 62 | 0 | |
Career | 35 | 0 | 1155 | 231 | 473 | 25 | 31 | 92 | 209 | 579 | 78 | 204 | 102 | 33 | 70 | 33 | 18 | 62 | 0 |
Career Highs | ||||||||||||||
Type | PTS | OREB | REB | AST | STL | BLK | TO | FGM | FGA | FTM | FTA | 3PM | 3PA | |
Season | 29 | 8 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 12 | 34 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Playoff | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Career | 31 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 15 | 34 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Game Logs | ||||||||||||||||||
Date | Opp | W/L | MIN | FGM | FGA | FTM | FTA | 3PM | 3PA | PTS | ORB | REB | AST | TO | STL | BLK | PF | +/- |
10/20 | WAS | L | 48 | 5 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | -10 |
10/21 | WAS | L | 44 | 7 | 27 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 7 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | -3 |
10/23 | ROC | L | 44 | 4 | 24 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -14 |
10/24 | NYK | L | 35 | 3 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | -21 |
10/29 | ROC | L | 44 | 6 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | -13 |
10/30 | DET | W | 43 | 6 | 20 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 |
11/3 | DET | W | 43 | 3 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 12 |
11/7 | CHI | W | 48 | 6 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
11/8 | CHI | W | 44 | 7 | 26 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
11/14 | TOR | L | 47 | 9 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 7 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -3 |
11/15 | NYK | W | 37 | 5 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 |
11/19 | DET | W | 39 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 |
11/23 | PHI | W | 35 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 20 |
11/24 | ROC | L | 43 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 4 | -8 |
11/26 | ROC | L | 39 | 5 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -19 |
11/30 | ROC | L | 30 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | -24 |
12/1 | DET | W | 31 | 4 | 14 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25 |
12/5 | BOS | W | 44 | 7 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
12/9 | CHI | L | 40 | 7 | 22 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | -19 |
12/10 | TOR | W | 42 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 19 |
12/16 | ROC | W | 43 | 3 | 18 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 23 |
12/17 | CHI | L | 44 | 1 | 20 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | -14 |
12/20 | ROC | W | 45 | 6 | 25 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
12/24 | DET | L | 41 | 4 | 21 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -15 |
12/27 | DET | L | 44 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 |
12/28 | DET | W | 33 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 |
12/30 | TOR | L | 38 | 6 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 5 | -20 |
1/1 | TOR | W | 30 | 5 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
1/3 | ROC | L | 34 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | -27 |
1/7 | ROC | W | 43 | 3 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -1 |
1/10 | BOS | W | 37 | 8 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 20 |
1/11 | PHI | L | 45 | 7 | 24 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -6 |
1/15 | CHI | L | 43 | 7 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | -18 |
1/16 | CHI | L | 35 | 3 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -23 |
1/18 | CHI | L | 46 | 12 | 34 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 7 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -9 |
1/20 | CHI | L | 41 | 4 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -21 |
1/22 | DET | W | 44 | 9 | 19 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 20 |
1/24 | TOR | W | 46 | 4 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
1/25 | ROC | L | 46 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -6 |
1/28 | TOR | L | 44 | 6 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | -5 |
1/29 | ROC | W | 45 | 5 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
1/31 | TOR | L | 42 | 5 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | -17 |
2/3 | ROC | L | 41 | 4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -15 |
2/4 | WAS | W | 50 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
2/7 | EAS | W | 28 | 5 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
2/9 | ROC | L | 42 | 5 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | -16 |
2/14 | ROC | L | 42 | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -12 |
2/15 | WAS | L | 43 | 5 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -20 |
2/20 | ROC | L | 46 | 6 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | -8 |
2/21 | DET | W | 43 | 9 | 21 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 13 |
2/24 | DET | W | 35 | 4 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 6 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 17 |
2/25 | CHI | L | 44 | 7 | 26 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -21 |
2/28 | TOR | L | 31 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | -35 |
3/2 | CHI | L | 41 | 3 | 19 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -23 |
3/5 | TOR | L | 45 | 8 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | -15 |
3/7 | CHI | L | 44 | 6 | 26 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -14 |
3/8 | TOR | W | 44 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
3/11 | CHI | L | 45 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -7 |
3/12 | DET | L | 40 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -25 |
3/14 | DET | L | 37 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | -27 |
3/16 | DET | W | 44 | 8 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
3/18 | CHI | L | 45 | 7 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | -6 |
3/19 | ROC | L | 40 | 4 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -26 |
3/22 | DET | W | 39 | 12 | 21 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 6 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 20 |
3/23 | TOR | W | 44 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 16 |
3/27 | CHI | L | 40 | 6 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -13 |
3/28 | ROC | W | 39 | 9 | 18 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 17 |
3/31 | TOR | W | 42 | 10 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 5 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
4/3 | TOR | W | 37 | 4 | 21 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 11 |
4/4 | NYK | L | 35 | 7 | 20 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | -27 |
4/6 | DET | W | 31 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
4/8 | CHI | L | 40 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -25 |
4/10 | ROC | L | 42 | 4 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
4/11 | TOR | W | 30 | 10 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 26 |
4/14 | DET | W | 42 | 8 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
4/15 | TOR | L | 43 | 7 | 29 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | -9 |
4/18 | TOR | L | 46 | 3 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 5 | -7 |
4/19 | CHI | L | 44 | 5 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | -14 |
4/21 | DET | L | 30 | 6 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | -26 |
Awards & Achievements | |
Season | Award |
Total | Player of the Game: 6 |
Total | All-Star Appearances: 1 |
1953 | FBL All-Star |
Transactions | |
Date | Action |
6/28/1950 | Drafted by the Barons with pick #6 of round 1. |
6/22/1953 | Exposed to dispersal draft. (Barons) |
6/28/1953 | Drafted by the Crushers in the dispersal draft. (Barons) |